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Ser Conjugation: Learn to Conjugate Ser in Spanish

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If you’ve ever dipped your toes into learning Spanish, you’ve likely encountered the verb “ser.” It’s one of the most fundamental verbs in the language, used to describe identity, characteristics, origin, and more. You’ll hear it everywhere, just by watching movies, social media videos, or listening to music or a podcast

But here’s the catch: conjugating “ser” can be a bit tricky because it’s an irregular verb, meaning it doesn’t always follow the usual patterns you might expect. This verb is used in all sorts of essential expressions, from saying where you’re from to describing who you are, so getting it right is crucial.

Whether you’re introducing yourself, talking about your profession, or simply stating the time, “ser” is your go-to verb. Let’s break down the conjugation of “ser” and make sure you have this cornerstone of Spanish mastered.

ser conjugation chart

As we mentioned before, the verb ser is a highly irregular verb, and not just in the first-person singular but most of the tenses of the indicative form. 

Here is the basic conjugation of the verb ser in the present tense:

Pronoun

Spanish “Ser” present conjugation 

English Equivalent

Yo

Soy

I am

Eres

You are

Ella / Él / Usted

Es

He/She/It is

Nosotras / Nosotros

Somos

We are

Vosotras / Vosotros

Sóis

You all are

Ellas / Ellos / Ustedes

Son

They are

How And When To Use The Spanish Verb Ser

The translation of the verb “to be” can be either ser or estar, but they are not interchangeable. There’s a lot of confusion over these two verbs and when or how to use them. This is a topic we already talked about in the past, but let’s refresh your mind with when you can use the verb Ser.

The verb ser is used to express permanent conditions and describe what something is in Spanish. You can use it to:

  • Describe something or someone:

Esa señora es una escritora famosa. – That lady is a famous writer.

  • Refer to fundamental qualities and characteristics:
    El libro es muy pequeño. – The book is very small. 
  • Talk about nationality:
    Yo soy estadounidense. – I am American.
DID YOU KNOW…?

The demonyms (gentilicios in Spanish) are the adjectives that indicate the place of birth or origin of the people, if you would like to know a demonym of any country in Spanish, search on google “Gentilicios de” followed by the country, city or place!

  • Identify people’s professions or occupations:
    Mi hermano es Ingeniero. – My brother is an engineer.
  • Address people’s religious or political identity:
    Mi familia es completamente católica – My family is completely Catholic.
  • Communicate about time (hour, day, or date):
    Son las 11 y media. – It’s half past 11.
  • Talk about possession:
    Ese libro rojo es mío. – That red book is mine.
  • Describe the material something is made of:
    La mesa es de madera.- The table is made of wood.
  • Know the relationship between one person and another:
    Mariana y Pamela son muy buenas amigas. – Mariana and Pamela are very good friends.
ser conjugation

The Complete Guide to Ser Conjugation

Indicative Conjugation of Ser

The indicative mood is the one most commonly used in Spanish. In the first three tenses, the ser conjugations are completely irregular, while the conditional and future conjugations follow the regular rules:

Subject

Present

Preterite

Yo

Soy

Fui

Era

Seré

Sería

Eres

Fuiste

Eras

Serás

Serías

PorÉl, Ella, Ustedque

Es

Fue

Era

Será

Sería

Nosotros

Somos

Fuimos

Éramos

Seremos

Seríamos

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

Son

Fueron

Eran

Serán

Serían

QUICK NOTE…
Tricky Pairs

Wait, but the verb Ir in the preterite tense is the same as the verb ser in the preterite tense! How come!?

As you might or not notice, the verbs ir and ser have identical conjugation in the preterite tense. You’ll have to rely on context to tell which verb is being used. 

Though, it is pretty easy to tell the difference between the two verbs. For one thing, ir is usually followed by the preposition a (to), since you usually go ‘to’ somewhere.

Let’s take a look at the following sentences and explain the difference: 

  • Yo fui a la tienda el martes por la tarde. – I went to the store on Tuesday night.
    (Since we know that there’s the preposition “a”, we can know that the verb used is
    ir
  • La clase fue muy entretenida. – The class was fun.
    (Since the context talks more about the class performance, we can say that the verb used is
    ser)

For example:

Yo soy un abogado. – I am a lawyer.

¿Tu fuiste la cocinera de ese restaurant? – Were you the cook at that restaurant?

  • Imperfect tense:

El era un gran amigo mio. – He was a great friend of mine.

Nosotros seremos los mejores jugadores de fútbol! – We will be the best soccer players!

Ellos serían Colombianos si nacen en Colombia. – They would be Colombian if they were born in Colombia.

Indicative Compound Ser Conjugation in Spanish

Compound tenses are those expressed using two verbs: one auxiliary followed by the main verb. In Spanish, we call them tiempos verbales compuestos (compound verbal tenses).

A compound tense in Spanish always uses one auxiliary verb. This verb is Haber, which follows the same rule as have/has in English. 

Subject

Perfect Tense

Pluperfect Tense

Yo

He sido

Había sido

Hube sido

Habré sido

Habría sido

Has sido

Habías sido

Hubiste sido

Habrás sido

Habrías sido

Él, Ella, Usted

Ha sido

Había sido

Hubo sido

Habrá sido

Habría sido

Nosotros

Hemos sido

Habíamos sido

Hubimos sido

Habremos sido

Habríamos sido

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

Han sido

Habían sido

Hubieron sido

Habrán sido

Habrían sido

For example:

Yo siempre he sido el mejor de la clase. – I have always been the best in class.

En el pasado, tú habías sido un buen carpintero. – In the past, you had been a good carpenter.

  • Preterite perfect tense

Tan pronto hubimos sido pillados, empezamos a correr – As soon as we were caught, we started running

  • Future Perfect tense

Para el año 2025, ella habrá sido la mejor entrenadora del mundo! – By the year 2025, she will have been the best trainer in the world.

  • Conditional perfect tense

Si hubiese ido a la academia militar, no habría sido un artista. – If I had gone to the military academy, I would not have been an artist.

Ser Conjugation: Subjunctive Mood

The Spanish subjunctive mood is used to give opinions, talk about hypothetical situations or indicate politeness. There are two versions of the Imperfect tense that can be interchangeable. 

Subject

Present

Imperfect 1

Yo

sea

fuera

fuese

fuere

seas

fueras

fueses

fueres

Él, Ella, Usted

sea

fuera

fuese

fuere

Nosotros

seamos

fuéramos

fuésemos

fuéremos

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

sean

fueran

fuesen

fueren

For example:

¡Que seas feliz! – Be happy!

Ella no cree que tu fueras un atleta profesional. – She doesn’t think you were a professional athlete.

  • Future Subjunctive:

Yo siempre tuve fe en que ustedes fueren novios algún día. – I always had faith that you will be a couple one day.

Compound Tenses Of The Subjunctive

The Spanish subjunctive mood is expressed in two compound tenses: the present perfect tense (pretérito perfecto) and the past perfect (pluscuamperfecto). There’s also the future perfect (Futuro perfecto), but it’s no longer used.

Subject

Present Perfect Tense

Past Perfect

Yo

Haya Sido

Hubiera / Hubiese Sido

Hayas Sido

Hubieras / Hubieses Sido

Él, Ella, Usted

Haya Sido

Hubiera / Hubiese Sido

Nosotros

Hayamos Sido

Hubiéramos / Hubiésemos Sido

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

Hayan Sido

Hubieran / Hubiesen Sido

For example:

  • Present perfect tense:

Espero que tú hayas sido seleccionado para esa promoción que tanto quieres! – I hope you have been selected for that promotion!

  • Past perfect tense:

Yo dudaba que él hubiera sido famoso. – I doubted he would have been famous.

Ser Conjugation: Imperative Mood

The imperative mood is used to give commands. For these tenses, you don’t include the “Yo” or the “El/Ella/Eso” personal pronouns for obvious reasons, you can’t give an order to yourself!

Subject

Affirmative

Negative

No Seas

Usted

Sea

No Sea 

Nosotros

Seamos

No Seamos

Ustedes

Sean

No Sean

For example:

  • Affirmative example:

¡ mejor que yo! – Be better than me

¡No sean personas flojas! – Don’t be lazy people!

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