
Ser Conjugation: Learn to Conjugate Ser in Spanish
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If you’ve ever dipped your toes into learning Spanish, you’ve likely encountered the verb “ser.” It’s one of the most fundamental verbs in the language, used to describe identity, characteristics, origin, and more. You’ll hear it everywhere, just by watching movies, social media videos, or listening to music or a podcast.
But here’s the catch: conjugating “ser” can be a bit tricky because it’s an irregular verb, meaning it doesn’t always follow the usual patterns you might expect. This verb is used in all sorts of essential expressions, from saying where you’re from to describing who you are, so getting it right is crucial.
Whether you’re introducing yourself, talking about your profession, or simply stating the time, “ser” is your go-to verb. Let’s break down the conjugation of “ser” and make sure you have this cornerstone of Spanish mastered.
As we mentioned before, the verb ser is a highly irregular verb, and not just in the first-person singular but most of the tenses of the indicative form.
Here is the basic conjugation of the verb ser in the present tense:
Pronoun 10818_176eab-09> |
Spanish “Ser” present conjugation 10818_3fb5ad-a5> |
English Equivalent 10818_f16d06-ce> |
---|---|---|
Yo 10818_31c97f-52> |
Soy 10818_02cfea-f4> |
I am 10818_f204f9-00> |
Tú 10818_f1b2d4-ad> |
Eres 10818_e33d38-d8> |
You are 10818_daf007-9e> |
Ella / Él / Usted 10818_1070e6-a7> |
Es 10818_423488-ca> |
He/She/It is 10818_6c3665-96> |
Nosotras / Nosotros 10818_aec7e5-9d> |
Somos 10818_764173-0a> |
We are 10818_b7c1c1-40> |
Vosotras / Vosotros 10818_602147-73> |
Sóis 10818_6a0316-70> |
You all are 10818_527c51-1d> |
Ellas / Ellos / Ustedes 10818_75cc67-13> |
Son 10818_7796e4-68> |
They are 10818_f7b9e2-9c> |
How And When To Use The Spanish Verb Ser
The translation of the verb “to be” can be either ser or estar, but they are not interchangeable. There’s a lot of confusion over these two verbs and when or how to use them. This is a topic we already talked about in the past, but let’s refresh your mind with when you can use the verb Ser.
The verb ser is used to express permanent conditions and describe what something is in Spanish. You can use it to:
- Describe something or someone:
Esa señora es una escritora famosa. – That lady is a famous writer.
- Refer to fundamental qualities and characteristics:
El libro es muy pequeño. – The book is very small. - Talk about nationality:
Yo soy estadounidense. – I am American.
DID YOU KNOW…?
The demonyms (gentilicios in Spanish) are the adjectives that indicate the place of birth or origin of the people, if you would like to know a demonym of any country in Spanish, search on google “Gentilicios de” followed by the country, city or place!
- Identify people’s professions or occupations:
Mi hermano es Ingeniero. – My brother is an engineer. - Address people’s religious or political identity:
Mi familia es completamente católica – My family is completely Catholic. - Communicate about time (hour, day, or date):
Son las 11 y media. – It’s half past 11. - Talk about possession:
Ese libro rojo es mío. – That red book is mine. - Describe the material something is made of:
La mesa es de madera.- The table is made of wood. - Know the relationship between one person and another:
Mariana y Pamela son muy buenas amigas. – Mariana and Pamela are very good friends.
The Complete Guide to Ser Conjugation
Indicative Conjugation of Ser
The indicative mood is the one most commonly used in Spanish. In the first three tenses, the ser conjugations are completely irregular, while the conditional and future conjugations follow the regular rules:
Subject 10818_be011e-5a> |
Present 10818_868b5b-f2> |
Preterite 10818_80781c-7c> |
Imperfect 10818_f6a9ab-56> |
Future 10818_04eb6e-2c> |
Conditional 10818_ae2427-b3> |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yo 10818_0af5e9-9f> |
Soy 10818_296183-58> |
Fui 10818_605882-89> |
Era 10818_dcf5d0-50> |
Seré 10818_8d9e79-33> |
Sería 10818_e8846c-6e> |
Tú 10818_b53135-9d> |
Eres 10818_08b91e-ad> |
Fuiste 10818_32288c-b3> |
Eras 10818_6ff8ec-db> |
Serás 10818_62be92-89> |
Serías 10818_811f5a-f1> |
PorÉl, Ella, Ustedque 10818_2ca03d-7d> |
Es 10818_cb4cb0-c2> |
Fue 10818_c4fb3a-11> |
Era 10818_6e5ede-79> |
Será 10818_d5b9d2-6e> |
Sería 10818_972b2c-f4> |
Nosotros 10818_ef2d6a-77> |
Somos 10818_e9c02b-e6> |
Fuimos 10818_f91b85-c2> |
Éramos 10818_965bbf-8a> |
Seremos 10818_b91ab7-28> |
Seríamos 10818_387b6a-9d> |
Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes 10818_87bccd-96> |
Son 10818_bae88f-66> |
Fueron 10818_37b476-8a> |
Eran 10818_0b00fb-ef> |
Serán 10818_d6d4c2-93> |
Serían 10818_8bc896-6a> |
QUICK NOTE…
Tricky Pairs
Wait, but the verb Ir in the preterite tense is the same as the verb ser in the preterite tense! How come!?
As you might or not notice, the verbs ir and ser have identical conjugation in the preterite tense. You’ll have to rely on context to tell which verb is being used.
Though, it is pretty easy to tell the difference between the two verbs. For one thing, ir is usually followed by the preposition a (to), since you usually go ‘to’ somewhere.
Let’s take a look at the following sentences and explain the difference:
- Yo fui a la tienda el martes por la tarde. – I went to the store on Tuesday night.
(Since we know that there’s the preposition “a”, we can know that the verb used is ir) - La clase fue muy entretenida. – The class was fun.
(Since the context talks more about the class performance, we can say that the verb used is ser)
For example:
Yo soy un abogado. – I am a lawyer.
¿Tu fuiste la cocinera de ese restaurant? – Were you the cook at that restaurant?
- Imperfect tense:
El era un gran amigo mio. – He was a great friend of mine.
Nosotros seremos los mejores jugadores de fútbol! – We will be the best soccer players!
Ellos serían Colombianos si nacen en Colombia. – They would be Colombian if they were born in Colombia.
Indicative Compound Ser Conjugation in Spanish
Compound tenses are those expressed using two verbs: one auxiliary followed by the main verb. In Spanish, we call them tiempos verbales compuestos (compound verbal tenses).
A compound tense in Spanish always uses one auxiliary verb. This verb is Haber, which follows the same rule as have/has in English.
Subject 10818_455de2-ec> |
Perfect Tense 10818_2d49b4-6c> |
Pluperfect Tense 10818_6fa1a5-88> |
Preterite Perfect Tense 10818_e596f3-d6> |
Future Perfect Tense 10818_87e529-8a> |
Conditional Perfect Tense 10818_6f1c30-b9> |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yo 10818_e8d5b8-9b> |
He sido 10818_cfd619-3f> |
Había sido 10818_f11579-fb> |
Hube sido 10818_907d41-94> |
Habré sido 10818_6a3d5c-f3> |
Habría sido 10818_8233ba-17> |
Tú 10818_457270-bc> |
Has sido 10818_753ec5-55> |
Habías sido 10818_8a50df-f4> |
Hubiste sido 10818_a46968-29> |
Habrás sido 10818_9ce61e-c5> |
Habrías sido 10818_2b5656-5a> |
Él, Ella, Usted 10818_723940-08> |
Ha sido 10818_63148d-f1> |
Había sido 10818_23934f-47> |
Hubo sido 10818_f3f590-48> |
Habrá sido 10818_8a70ba-e8> |
Habría sido 10818_0b1637-d9> |
Nosotros 10818_4b4427-f6> |
Hemos sido 10818_d6e559-a6> |
Habíamos sido 10818_0e7998-77> |
Hubimos sido 10818_40f140-ae> |
Habremos sido 10818_0e214c-e9> |
Habríamos sido 10818_db80a9-33> |
Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes 10818_f4f858-ef> |
Han sido 10818_3203ba-b2> |
Habían sido 10818_41e864-a6> |
Hubieron sido 10818_df8ec2-c8> |
Habrán sido 10818_a64eed-45> |
Habrían sido 10818_a097e8-cd> |
For example:
Yo siempre he sido el mejor de la clase. – I have always been the best in class.
En el pasado, tú habías sido un buen carpintero. – In the past, you had been a good carpenter.
- Preterite perfect tense
Tan pronto hubimos sido pillados, empezamos a correr – As soon as we were caught, we started running
- Future Perfect tense
Para el año 2025, ella habrá sido la mejor entrenadora del mundo! – By the year 2025, she will have been the best trainer in the world.
- Conditional perfect tense
Si hubiese ido a la academia militar, no habría sido un artista. – If I had gone to the military academy, I would not have been an artist.
Ser Conjugation: Subjunctive Mood
The Spanish subjunctive mood is used to give opinions, talk about hypothetical situations or indicate politeness. There are two versions of the Imperfect tense that can be interchangeable.
Subject 10818_721aaf-27> |
Present 10818_6042d0-18> |
Imperfect 1 10818_69c16e-05> |
Imperfect 2 10818_f12764-85> |
Future 10818_862bb7-e6> |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yo 10818_f16ee2-b6> |
sea 10818_e3f944-cb> |
fuera 10818_f279c9-f3> |
fuese 10818_7f0eb7-37> |
fuere 10818_f0a561-5d> |
Tú 10818_fa4996-d0> |
seas 10818_f31d89-a6> |
fueras 10818_2f5763-c3> |
fueses 10818_abc9a6-30> |
fueres 10818_f6aeff-74> |
Él, Ella, Usted 10818_aa3d8c-20> |
sea 10818_618cb1-7f> |
fuera 10818_48c873-d6> |
fuese 10818_cdf110-fd> |
fuere 10818_c8fece-f1> |
Nosotros 10818_46b3d7-db> |
seamos 10818_448c50-c7> |
fuéramos 10818_65ee9f-26> |
fuésemos 10818_1d79d4-6c> |
fuéremos 10818_2ffc9e-3a> |
Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes 10818_37ae40-3a> |
sean 10818_51506f-79> |
fueran 10818_9c6bcd-d5> |
fuesen 10818_47085d-d6> |
fueren 10818_d6c0ac-2f> |
For example:
¡Que seas feliz! – Be happy!
Ella no cree que tu fueras un atleta profesional. – She doesn’t think you were a professional athlete.
- Future Subjunctive:
Yo siempre tuve fe en que ustedes fueren novios algún día. – I always had faith that you will be a couple one day.
Compound Tenses Of The Subjunctive
The Spanish subjunctive mood is expressed in two compound tenses: the present perfect tense (pretérito perfecto) and the past perfect (pluscuamperfecto). There’s also the future perfect (Futuro perfecto), but it’s no longer used.
Subject 10818_95a4f6-c2> |
Present Perfect Tense 10818_c8ffdd-d3> |
Past Perfect 10818_17cb18-bd> |
---|---|---|
Yo 10818_4373f2-d1> |
Haya Sido 10818_a2e917-37> |
Hubiera / Hubiese Sido 10818_3065b2-65> |
Tú 10818_d50f91-5a> |
Hayas Sido 10818_b29416-fd> |
Hubieras / Hubieses Sido 10818_64c431-74> |
Él, Ella, Usted 10818_df87be-16> |
Haya Sido 10818_d62fb5-67> |
Hubiera / Hubiese Sido 10818_e6df78-e0> |
Nosotros 10818_aca363-57> |
Hayamos Sido 10818_fc44b7-38> |
Hubiéramos / Hubiésemos Sido 10818_bf2bf3-3f> |
Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes 10818_77dd02-53> |
Hayan Sido 10818_14838c-df> |
Hubieran / Hubiesen Sido 10818_a85bd2-b8> |
For example:
- Present perfect tense:
Espero que tú hayas sido seleccionado para esa promoción que tanto quieres! – I hope you have been selected for that promotion!
- Past perfect tense:
Yo dudaba que él hubiera sido famoso. – I doubted he would have been famous.
Ser Conjugation: Imperative Mood
The imperative mood is used to give commands. For these tenses, you don’t include the “Yo” or the “El/Ella/Eso” personal pronouns for obvious reasons, you can’t give an order to yourself!
Subject 10818_a55bf6-cd> |
Affirmative 10818_04483e-9e> |
Negative 10818_f0c93e-7d> |
---|---|---|
Tú 10818_9b0503-f5> |
Sé 10818_afcdd6-58> |
No Seas 10818_0a6528-9b> |
Usted 10818_999a89-c2> |
Sea 10818_06ad73-60> |
No Sea 10818_2146ea-6a> |
Nosotros 10818_2f656e-5c> |
Seamos 10818_9ccbc2-21> |
No Seamos 10818_d0f160-40> |
Ustedes 10818_cbe730-4b> |
Sean 10818_3cf079-36> |
No Sean 10818_17c2ac-18> |
For example:
- Affirmative example:
¡Sé mejor que yo! – Be better than me
- Negative example:
¡No sean personas flojas! – Don’t be lazy people!
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